文殊菩薩 梵文 Manjusri。舊稱文殊師利、曼殊師利。古譯:妙德、妙吉祥 曼殊. 師利 : 吉祥之意。簡稱為文殊. 吉祥菩薩者,妙謂佛無上慧.猶如醍醐純淨第一,室利翻為吉祥, 即是具眾德義.或云妙德.亦云妙音也.即以大慈悲力故.演妙法音令一切聞. 漢譯「 妙德 」,義為萬德圓明,皆徹性原。 文殊師利身鬱金色, 頂結五髻(表大日如來之五智)、右手持寶劍(表智慧),左手持般若經、坐騎為一獅子,作童子形.左持泥盧鉢羅,是細葉青蓮,蓮上有金剛印.極熙怡微笑 .坐白蓮花臺. 此文殊菩薩以般若為主,欲以般若授予一切眾生,住於加持之身,現作嬰童之相.如世嬰童之相未有分別,以表此深意.亦離於人法戲論. 華嚴經說善哉童子.童子可愛義,清淨義,自在義.外書云:幼少精神專利,及長以後思慮散逸云.是童子位,智慧相勝義也.文殊童子.有三眼童目.一切菩 薩皆俗形也.文殊童形也. 首楞嚴云:文殊過去成佛.名龍種上尊王 如來.鴦掘經云:文殊現在北方成佛,名歡喜藏摩尼寶積佛.大集云: 未來成佛,名普見如來. 獅子座 獅子座者,表智慧.大集經:文殊乘獅子入破業障.三昧疏云:言獅子者,即是勇健菩提心.從初發意以來,得精進大勢,無有怯弱,猶如獅子,隨所執縳,必 獲無遺.即是自在度人無空過義也. 獅子其所住處,一切百獸無空過.於大小無怯弱心,皆施其力用,此尊亦如是.利益一切眾生無空過.又表王義.是獅子諸獸王也.此尊大空慧無礙自在之故. 王之義也.故云文殊師利法王子,得法自在故也,眾生濟度亦自在也. 般若為十方諸佛母 文殊菩薩持般若經以般若無相之妙慧.斷人法戲論之妄執. 般若為三世佛母,華嚴經入法界品,彌勒菩薩對善財說:「文殊大願,非餘無量百千億那由他菩薩之所能有。其行廣大,其願無邊,出生一切菩薩功德,無有休 息。常為無量諸佛之母,常為無量菩薩之師,教化成就一切眾生,名稱普聞十方世界。」大乘心地觀經言:「文殊師利大聖尊,十方諸佛以為母;一切如來初發 心,皆因文殊教化力。」放缽經中,釋尊曾言:「我今得佛,是文殊師利之恩也。過去無央數佛,皆是文殊師利弟子,當來者亦是,其威神力所致。譬如世間小 兒有父母,文殊者佛道中父母。」在華嚴經則說,「文殊菩薩,是十方諸佛母,一切菩薩師。今為輔助釋尊教化眾生。」聖無動尊大威怒王秘密陀羅尼經言:「 妙吉祥菩薩,是三世覺母,故名文殊師 利。」 文殊是諸菩薩上首,常與普賢侍佛左右,文殊表智.慧.證,為佛陀釋迦牟尼左脅侍;普賢菩薩表理.定.行,為右脅侍,即華嚴三聖。文殊為七佛之師。常見 的文殊相,頂有五髻,表示五智無上無得之相。五智:法界體性智、大圓鏡智、平等 性智、妙觀察智、成所作智。左手執蓮花,花中安放《般若經》一部,表示般若一塵不染,如大火聚,四面不可觸,觸之即燒。右手執寶劍。表示大智能斷一切 無明煩惱,喻金剛寶劍,能斬群魔。或坐蓮花台,表示清淨,或乘獅子或孔雀,表示威猛。文殊菩薩,智慧第一為眾菩薩之首,稱「大智」。
文殊菩薩的不可思議功德----《大寶積經卷文殊師利授記會》
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Obeisance to my Guru and Protector Manjushri,
Who holds to his heart a scriptural text, symbolic of his
seeing all things as they are;
Whose intelligence shines forth as the sun,
unclouded by delusions or traces of ignorance;
Who teaches in sixty ways with the loving compassion of a
father for his only son all creatures caught
in the prison of samsara, confused in the darkness of their ignorance, overwhelmed by their suffering.
You, whose dragon-thunder-like proclamation of Dharma
arouses us from the stupor of our delusions and frees us from
the iron chains of our karma;
Who wields the sword of wisdom, hewing down suffering wherever
its sprouts appear, clearing away
the darkness of our ignorance.
You, whose princely body is adorned with the one hundred and twelve
marks of a Buddha;
Who has completed the stages achieving the highest perfection
of a Bodhisattva;
Who has been pure from the beginning. I bow down to you,
O Manjushri, With the brilliance of your wisdom,
O compassionate one, Illuminate the darkness enclosing my
mind,
Enlighten my intelligence and wisdom so that I may gain
insight into Buddha's words and the texts that
explain them. |